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Amazon Rainforest

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At over 1.2 billion acres, the Amazon Rainforest covers two-fifths of South America, spreading across parts of nine countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. This area represents over half of the remaining rainforests on Earth. 

The rainforest lies in a basin drained largely by the Amazon River, with 1,100 tributaries. This enormous basin was formed between 500 and 200 million years ago, during the Paleozoic era on the geologic time scale.  The diversity of plant species here is the highest on earth; some experts estimate that one hectare (2.47 acres) may contain over 750 types of trees and 1500 species of higher plants. One hectare of Amazon rainforest can contain about 900 tons of living plant material. 

This particular forest boasts the largest collection of living plants and animal species in the world. One in five of our planet's birds live in the rainforests of the Amazon. To date, an estimated 438,000 species of plants of economic and social importance have been registered in the region, with many more remaining to be discovered or cataloged. (Note: Brazil has one of the most advanced laws against biopiracy, although enforcing it has been a problem.) 



Environmentalists have been concerned about deforestation in the region for many years, mainly because more than one fifth of the Amazon Rainforest has already been destroyed.  Much more is severely threatened as destruction continues to escalate.  The deforestation of this area in the 1980s was largely considered catastrophic. Even so, in 1996, the Amazon was reported to have shown a 34 per cent increase in deforestation since 1992. A new report by a congressional committee says the Amazon is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year, over three times the rate for which the last official figures were reported, in 1994. 

"If nothing is done, the entire Amazon will be gone within 50 years," - Rep. Gilney Vianna of the leftist Worker's Party in the Amazon state of Mato Grosso. 

Environmentalists commonly stress the fact that there is not only a biological incentive to protect the rainforest, but also an economic one. One hectare in the Peruvian Amazon has been calculated to provide potential earnings of $6,820 per year if intact forest is sustainably harvested for fruits, latex, and timber; $1,000 if clear-cut for commercial timber (not sustainably harvested); or $148 if used as cattle pasture. 

- Wikipedia

 

 

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